Animals 动物

• animals mate/breed/reproduce/feed (on sth) 动物交配/繁育/繁殖/以…为食
• fish/amphibians swim/spawn (= lay eggs) 鱼/两栖动物游动/产卵
• birds fly/migrate/nest/sing 鸟飞翔/迁徙/筑巢/啼叫
• insects crawl/fly/bite/sting 昆虫爬/飞/咬/叮
• insects/bees/locusts swarm 昆虫/蜜蜂/蝗虫成群地飞来飞去
• bees collect/gather nectar/pollen 蜜蜂采蜜/花粉
• spiders spin/weave a web 蜘蛛结网/织网
• snakes/lizards shed their skins 蛇/蜥蜴蜕皮
• bears/hedgehogs/frogs hibernate 熊/刺猬/青蛙冬眠
• insect larvae grow/develop/pupate 昆虫的幼虫生长/发育/化蛹
• an egg/a chick/a larva hatches 卵孵化；小鸡出壳；幼虫孵出
• attract/find/choose a mate 吸引/找到/选择配偶
• produce/release eggs/sperm 产卵；排卵；产生/释放精子
• lay/fertilize/incubate/hatch eggs 产卵；使卵受精；孵卵
• inhabit a forest/a reef/the coast 栖居于森林/礁石/海岸
• mark/enter/defend (a) territory 标出/进入/保卫领地
• stalk/hunt/capture/catch/kill prey 悄悄接近/猎杀/捕获/杀死猎物

Plants and fungi 植物和真菌

• trees/plants grow/bloom/blossom/flower 树木/植物生长/开花
• a seed germinates/sprouts 种子发芽
• leaves/buds/roots/shoots appear/develop/form 叶子/花蕾/根茎/幼苗长出来/长大/成形
• flower buds swell/open 花蕾含苞欲放/绽放
• a fungus grows/spreads/colonizes sth 菌类生长/扩散/长满…
• pollinate/fertilize a flower/plant 给花/植物授粉
• produce/release/spread/disperse pollen/seeds/spores 长出/传播花粉/种子/孢子
• produce/bear fruit 结果
• develop/grow/form roots/shoots/leaves 长出根茎/嫩芽/叶子
• provide/supply/absorb/extract/release nutrients 提供/吸收/提取/释放营养物
• perform/increase/reduce photosynthesis 进行/增加/减少光合作用

Bacteria and viruses 细菌和病毒

• bacteria/microbes/viruses grow/spread/multiply 细菌/微生物/病毒生长/扩散/繁殖
• bacteria/microbes live/thrive in/on sth 细菌/微生物在…中存活/大量生长
• bacteria/microbes/viruses evolve/colonize sth/cause disease 细菌/微生物/病毒进化/长满…/引发疾病
• bacteria break sth down/convert sth (into sth) 细菌（将某物）分解/转化（成某物）
• a virus enters/invades sth/the body 病毒进入/侵入某物/身体
• a virus mutates/evolves/replicates (itself) 病毒变异/演化/（自我）复制
• be infected with/contaminated with/exposed to a new strain of a virus/drug-resistant bacteria 感染上/接触到一种新病毒/抗药性细菌
• contain/carry/harbour/ (especially US) harbor bacteria/a virus 带有细菌/病毒
• kill/destroy/eliminate harmful/deadly bacteria 杀灭有害的/致命的细菌

These are all words for buildings or places where things are made or where industrial processes take place. 以上各词均指工厂、车间、工场、制造厂。

• factory a building or group of buildings where goods are made 指工厂、制造厂：◆a chocolate/cigarette/clothing factory 巧克力厂；香烟厂；制衣厂
• plant a factory or place where power is produced or an industrial process takes place 指发电厂、工厂：◆a nuclear power plant 核电厂◆a manufacturing plant 制造厂
• mill a factory that produces a particular type of material 指（生产特定材料的）工厂、制造厂：◆a cotton/paper/textile/woollen mill 棉纺厂；造纸厂；纺织厂；毛纺厂
• works (often in compounds) a place where things are made or an industrial process takes place （常构成复合词）指工厂、制造厂：◆a brickworks 砖厂◆a steelworks 炼钢厂◆Raw materials were carried to the works by barge. 原材料由驳船运到工厂。
• yard (usually in compounds) an area of land used for building sth （通常构成复合词）指建造某物的区域、场地：◆a shipyard 船坞
• workshop a room or building in which things are made or repaired using tools or machinery 指车间、工场、作坊：◆a car repair workshop 汽车修理厂
• foundry a factory where metal or glass is melted and made into different shapes or objects 指铸造厂、玻璃厂：◆an iron foundry 铸铁厂

Patterns

• a car/chemical/munitions factory/plant
• an engineering plant/works
• to manage/run a factory/plant/mill/works/yard/workshop/foundry
• to work in/at a factory/plant/mill/yard/workshop/foundry
• factory/mill/foundry owners/managers/workers